Path traversal, also known as directory traversal, is a vulnerability that allows an attacker to access files and directories stored outside the intended directory. By exploiting improper validation of user-supplied input, attackers can manipulate file paths to access sensitive system files, configuration files, or any other data stored on the server.
Out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities (CWE-787) are among the most dangerous weaknesses in software development. If left unchecked, these vulnerabilities can have significant repercussions, including data corruption, service outages, and, in the worst cases, remote code execution.
An out-of-bounds write occurs when a program writes data outside the bounds of allocated memory, causing code compromise in the software.
Software and data integrity failures refer to vulnerabilities that arise when untrusted or unverified components are introduced into software systems. These failures occur when attackers manipulate software or data to exploit weak points, potentially leading to unauthorised control, data breaches, or malicious activities within applications.
Remote Code Execution (RCE) refers to the ability of an attacker to execute malicious code on a target system from a remote location. This can occur through exploiting vulnerabilities in software applications, web servers, or network protocols. RCE vulnerabilities are particularly dangerous because they can allow attackers to bypass traditional security measures, granting them full control over compromised systems. Once an RCE exploit is successful, attackers can run commands, install malware, steal sensitive data, and even alter business-critical applications.