Path traversal, also known as directory traversal, is a vulnerability that allows an attacker to access files and directories stored outside the intended directory. By exploiting improper validation of user-supplied input, attackers can manipulate file paths to access sensitive system files, configuration files, or any other data stored on the server.
CSRF is a security vulnerability that tricks a victim into performing unintended actions on a web application where they are authenticated. By exploiting the trust that a website places in the user’s browser, attackers can force users to execute actions without their consent or knowledge.
SQL Injection is a code injection technique that exploits a software vulnerability within the database query layer. This occurs when an application does not properly sanitise or neutralise special elements in SQL statements. Attackers craft malicious inputs to manipulate queries, gaining unauthorised access to databases or manipulating data.
At its core, XSS exploits the trust a user places in a web application. By manipulating input fields, URLs, or other interactive elements, attackers can introduce scripts that execute commands, steal sensitive information, or alter website functionality.
HTTP Response Splitting is a web application vulnerability that occurs when an attacker is able to manipulate HTTP headers to split the response sent to the client. This manipulation exploits the way headers are processed by web servers and browsers, allowing attackers to inject malicious content into the response stream. The result can be a range of attacks, from cross-site scripting (XSS) to cache poisoning and web cache poisoning, all of which can disrupt business operations, damage brand reputation, and compromise sensitive data.