Anti-dilution provisions are contractual protections that safeguard investors’ proportional ownership in a company. Specifically, they are clauses often embedded in convertible preferred stock agreements. In practice, these provisions allow investors to avoid dilution of their ownership percentage if the company issues new shares at a lower price than what the investors initially paid.
Cryptography is the science of securing information and communications by encoding data so that only authorised parties can access it. Cryptographic mechanisms underpin various corporate processes, from securing customer data and enabling secure transactions to protecting intellectual property and ensuring secure internal communications. As businesses digitise their operations, cryptography becomes a cornerstone of data protection and regulatory compliance.
Cryptographic failures occur when encryption mechanisms fail to secure data as intended. This can happen due to flaws in cryptographic protocols, poor implementation, or the use of obsolete algorithms.
OWASP’s Top 10 is more than just a list; it’s a guiding light for secure software development and security testing. For executives and business owners, ignoring these risks can lead to catastrophic breaches, impacting reputation, customer trust, and profitability. The OWASP Top 10 addresses these risks, serving as an essential framework for developers and security professionals to build and maintain secure systems.
Key recovery attacks refer to attempts by malicious actors to retrieve encryption keys used to secure data within an organisation. By obtaining these keys, attackers can decrypt sensitive information, impersonate legitimate users, or perform unauthorised operations, leading to potential data breaches and other cyber risks. These attacks typically target encryption keys stored insecurely, in compromised systems, or within weakly protected environments.
At its core, **accretion** refers to a gradual increase in value over time. In finance, this concept manifests across several domains, such as:
1. **Accounting:** Recognising the incremental growth of revenues or assets.
2. **Bonds:** Capturing the capital gains as discounted bonds approach maturity.
3. **Corporate Finance:** Measuring the incremental value generated from mergers and acquisitions (M&A).