Prompt injection occurs when malicious actors manipulate an LLM’s input to bypass security controls or extract unauthorised information. Unlike traditional software vulnerabilities, prompt injection exploits the fundamental way LLMs process and respond to natural language inputs.
The Penetration Tester’s Companion: An In-Depth Exploration of the Flipper Zero In the ever-evolving world of cybersecurity, penetration testers are constantly seeking innovative tools that streamline and enhance their efforts to identify vulnerabilities. Enter the Flipper Zero, a compact yet powerful device designed to be a versatile ally in the arsenal of ethical hackers. This …
Hard-coded credentials refer to embedding authentication information such as usernames, passwords, API keys, or cryptographic keys directly into the source code. Developers might do this for convenience, testing, or quick deployment. However, these credentials often remain in production, creating vulnerabilities.
CWE-863: Incorrect Authorisation occurs when an application fails to enforce correct authorisation measures, allowing unauthorised users or processes to access resources, perform operations, or retrieve data that should be off-limits. It is sometimes conflated with authentication flaws, but the essence of CWE-863 lies in improper or missing checks that would otherwise confirm if a user has the necessary permissions to perform a specific action.
From a technical standpoint, one might imagine an application employing robust identity verification (authentication) only to overlook critical checks about what a user is allowed to do once logged in (authorisation). This oversight can be the gateway to data leaks, privilege escalation, or even sabotage of core business processes.
Improper input validation occurs when a software application fails to verify that input received is within the expected range, format, type, or value before processing. This weakness paves the way for a variety of security exploits, including injection attacks, buffer overflows, and data manipulation, which can compromise application functionality and user data.