Improper Privilege Management, as classified under CWE-269, occurs when a software application improperly manages or enforces access control policies, allowing unauthorised users to perform restricted actions. This weakness can lead to severe consequences, such as data breaches, privilege escalation, and compromise of system integrity.
Improper Authentication occurs when a software application fails to properly verify the identity of a user or system attempting to gain access. This weakness enables unauthorised entities to bypass security measures and gain access to sensitive data or system functionalities.
CWE-77 refers to the improper neutralisation of special elements used in a command. These special elements, when inadequately sanitised, allow attackers to inject malicious commands that the system interprets and executes. This vulnerability commonly appears in applications that dynamically construct system commands based on user inputs.
Improper input validation occurs when a software application fails to verify that input received is within the expected range, format, type, or value before processing. This weakness paves the way for a variety of security exploits, including injection attacks, buffer overflows, and data manipulation, which can compromise application functionality and user data.
CWE-94, or Code Injection, occurs when a software application improperly controls the input used in generating code. This vulnerability allows attackers to inject malicious code, which the application subsequently compiles or interprets. The injected code can execute unintended commands, compromise data integrity, and even provide attackers with full control over the system.