CWE-400, also referred to as resource exhaustion, occurs when a system fails to properly manage or limit the use of resources such as CPU, memory, disk space, or network bandwidth. Attackers exploit this weakness to degrade system performance or cause a complete denial of service (DoS).
CWE-200 refers to a software flaw where sensitive information—such as personal data, proprietary business details, or system configurations—is unintentionally exposed to individuals or entities without proper authorisation. This weakness typically results from poor implementation of access controls, inadequate data masking, or flawed logic in data-handling processes.
Deserialisation refers to the process of converting serialised data (a compact format of an object or data structure) back into its original form. While this operation is indispensable in modern software, it becomes a vulnerability when the deserialised data originates from an untrusted source.
When untrusted data is deserialised without validation, attackers can exploit the process to execute arbitrary code, manipulate application logic, or inject malicious payloads. CWE-502 encapsulates this weakness, highlighting its potential to compromise data integrity, confidentiality, and availability.
Improper Privilege Management, as classified under CWE-269, occurs when a software application improperly manages or enforces access control policies, allowing unauthorised users to perform restricted actions. This weakness can lead to severe consequences, such as data breaches, privilege escalation, and compromise of system integrity.
CWE-77 refers to the improper neutralisation of special elements used in a command. These special elements, when inadequately sanitised, allow attackers to inject malicious commands that the system interprets and executes. This vulnerability commonly appears in applications that dynamically construct system commands based on user inputs.