Secure Coding Practices

JSON-Injection-KrishnaG-CEO

In-Depth Analysis of SANS Top 25 CWE-94: JSON Injection and Its Implications for Penetration Testers

by

**JSON Injection** is a form of **injection vulnerability** that occurs when an application improperly handles user input within a JSON object. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is widely used for data exchange between web clients and servers. When applications fail to validate or sanitize user input before incorporating it into a JSON object, attackers can inject malicious data, manipulating the application’s behaviour.

JSON Injection primarily targets the integrity of the data being exchanged, potentially altering application logic, bypassing authentication, or even leading to more severe attacks like remote code execution. It is particularly dangerous in systems that use JSON for configuration files, user inputs, or data transfer, which is the case in many modern web applications.

PHP-Web-Shells-KrishnaG-CEO

PHP Web Shells: A Comprehensive Analysis for Penetration Testers

by

A PHP web shell is a script, written in PHP, that allows attackers to execute commands on a compromised web server remotely. These scripts act as a backdoor, providing attackers with access to sensitive data, server resources, and the capability to escalate their attack.

Software-Integrity-KrishnaG-CEO

Software and Data Integrity Failures: A Critical Concern for Developers

by

Software and data integrity failures refer to vulnerabilities that arise when untrusted or unverified components are introduced into software systems. These failures occur when attackers manipulate software or data to exploit weak points, potentially leading to unauthorised control, data breaches, or malicious activities within applications.

Vulnerable-components-KrishnaG-CEO

Vulnerable and Outdated Components: A Comprehensive Guide for Software Developers

by

Modern software development depends on a complex ecosystem of third-party components. Frameworks, libraries, and plugins streamline coding tasks, enabling developers to focus on building application-specific features. However, when these components become outdated or contain vulnerabilities, they pose a serious risk to application security, potentially leading to data breaches, service interruptions, or legal liabilities.
Vulnerable and Outdated Components is one of the categories in the OWASP Top 10, a widely recognised standard for the most critical security risks to web applications. Specifically, it relates to the category “A06:2021 – Vulnerable and Outdated Components,” which highlights the risks posed by outdated libraries, frameworks, and software components.

WP-DB-Injection-KrishnaG-CEO

WordPress db Injection: A Comprehensive Guide for Pen Testers and C-Suite

by

WordPress, which began as a simple blogging platform in 2003, has evolved into one of the most widely used content management systems (CMS) globally. Currently powering over 40% of websites, WordPress has become synonymous with digital publishing—ranging from small personal blogs to large-scale enterprise solutions. For many C-level executives, WordPress represents an agile, cost-effective solution to rapidly establish and manage an online presence.
However, with extensive adoption comes amplified risk. The same features that make WordPress easy to use—such as its vibrant plugin ecosystem and open-source nature—can also create ripe opportunities for attackers to exploit vulnerabilities. WordPress database injection, often referred to more broadly as SQL injection (SQLi), stands out as a critical concern. Attackers who successfully execute a database injection can gain unauthorised access to sensitive data, manipulate website content, or even pivot to other parts of the organisation’s network.
WordPress relies on a MySQL (or MariaDB) database to store content, user data, plugin settings, and other critical information. An SQL injection attack leverages insecure code or configurations to inject malicious SQL queries into the database, allowing attackers to read, modify, or even delete data, and in some extreme cases, compromise the server itself.