At its core, data poisoning involves the deliberate manipulation of datasets used during the pre-training, fine-tuning, or embedding stages of an LLM’s lifecycle. The objective is often to introduce backdoors, degrade model performance, or inject bias—toxic, unethical, or otherwise damaging behaviour—into outputs.
In today’s digitally connected world, personalisation is the cornerstone of e-commerce. However, this personalisation often comes at an invisible cost—your location and browsing habits can significantly impact the prices you see online.
Dynamic pricing is the backbone of modern e-commerce. It leverages advanced algorithms to adjust prices in real time based on various factors such as demand, competition, and consumer behaviour. While this offers businesses the ability to maximise profits, it raises ethical and strategic concerns.
CWE-863: Incorrect Authorisation occurs when an application fails to enforce correct authorisation measures, allowing unauthorised users or processes to access resources, perform operations, or retrieve data that should be off-limits. It is sometimes conflated with authentication flaws, but the essence of CWE-863 lies in improper or missing checks that would otherwise confirm if a user has the necessary permissions to perform a specific action.
From a technical standpoint, one might imagine an application employing robust identity verification (authentication) only to overlook critical checks about what a user is allowed to do once logged in (authorisation). This oversight can be the gateway to data leaks, privilege escalation, or even sabotage of core business processes.
Insecure communication occurs when sensitive data is transmitted without adequate encryption or protective measures. This vulnerability enables attackers to intercept, alter, or steal data during transmission, exposing organisations to financial losses, reputational damage, and legal liabilities.
An asset deal occurs when a buyer acquires specific assets and liabilities of a company rather than purchasing the company’s stock. This type of transaction allows the buyer to choose which assets they want and, in some cases, which liabilities they are willing to assume. Asset deals are often attractive to buyers looking to avoid potential risks associated with a company’s existing liabilities, contingent liabilities, and other historical issues that could impact future performance.