security vulnerabilities Archives

2024 CWE Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Weaknesses: Missing Authentication for Critical Function (CWE-306)

30 March 2025 by Krishna

2024 CWE Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Weaknesses: Missing Authentication for Critical Function (CWE-306) In today’s software-driven world, security vulnerabilities can have catastrophic consequences, from financial losses to reputational damage. Among the 2024 CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Weaknesses, CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function stands out as a critical issue …

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OWASP Top 10 API Security Risks – 2023: API3:2023 – Broken Object Property Level Authorisation

14 February 2025 by Krishna

API3:2023 represents a nuanced security challenge where improper or absent authorisation checks allow attackers to access or manipulate sensitive properties of an object within an API. Unlike broader access control issues, this risk focuses specifically on granular authorisation, which determines the visibility or modifiability of individual object properties.

M2: Insecure Data Storage – A Penetration Tester’s Guide

2 February 2025 by Krishna

Insecure data storage refers to the practice of storing data in a manner that makes it vulnerable to unauthorised access, tampering, or theft. This can occur in various forms, such as improperly encrypted files, exposed databases, or unprotected cloud storage solutions. The consequences of insecure data storage can be far-reaching, ranging from financial losses to reputational damage and legal ramifications.

Penetration testers need to thoroughly evaluate an organisation’s data storage mechanisms to identify weaknesses and implement corrective measures before malicious actors can exploit them. This is particularly important as organisations increasingly store data in cloud environments, mobile applications, and third-party servers, each introducing unique security challenges.

CWE-113: HTTP Response Splitting – A Comprehensive Guide for Penetration Testers

31 January 202531 January 2025 by Krishna

HTTP Response Splitting is a web application vulnerability that occurs when an attacker is able to manipulate HTTP headers to split the response sent to the client. This manipulation exploits the way headers are processed by web servers and browsers, allowing attackers to inject malicious content into the response stream. The result can be a range of attacks, from cross-site scripting (XSS) to cache poisoning and web cache poisoning, all of which can disrupt business operations, damage brand reputation, and compromise sensitive data.

In-Depth Analysis of SANS Top 25 CWE-94: JSON Injection and Its Implications for Penetration Testers

29 January 202529 January 2025 by Krishna

**JSON Injection** is a form of **injection vulnerability** that occurs when an application improperly handles user input within a JSON object. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is widely used for data exchange between web clients and servers. When applications fail to validate or sanitize user input before incorporating it into a JSON object, attackers can inject malicious data, manipulating the application’s behaviour.

JSON Injection primarily targets the integrity of the data being exchanged, potentially altering application logic, bypassing authentication, or even leading to more severe attacks like remote code execution. It is particularly dangerous in systems that use JSON for configuration files, user inputs, or data transfer, which is the case in many modern web applications.